Expert 3: Zero-Knowledge Proofs - Membuktikan Tanpa Mengungkap

cd ~ && mkdir crypto-exp3 && cd crypto-exp3

python3 << 'PYEOF'
import hashlib, random

# === DEMO 1: Ali Baba Cave (3-color map simplified) ===
# Prover tahu password, membuktikan tanpa mengungkap password

class ZKPDemo:
    def __init__(self):
        self.secret = random.randint(1, 1000000)  # rahasia prover
    
    # === PROTOCOL: Prover membuktikan tahu secret ===
    def commit(self):
        """Step 1: Prover kirim commitment"""
        self.r = random.randint(1, 1000000)
        self.commitment = hashlib.sha256(f"{self.secret}{self.r}".encode()).hexdigest()
        return self.commitment
    
    def respond(self, challenge):
        """Step 3: Prover respond to challenge"""
        if challenge == 0:
            return self.r  # reveal random
        else:
            return self.secret  # reveal secret? NO - ini bukan ZKP
    
    def verify(self, commitment, challenge, response, secret):
        """Step 2 & 4: Verifier"""
        if challenge == 0:
            return hashlib.sha256(f"{secret}{response}".encode()).hexdigest() == commitment
        else:
            return False  # simplified

# === DEMO 2: Graph Isomorphism (conceptual) ===
print("=== Zero-Knowledge Proof: Graph Coloring ==*")
print()
print("Skenario: Membuktikan peta bisa diwarnai 3 warna")
print("tanpa mengungkapkan warna sebenarnya")
print()

# Iterasi pengulangan = confidence level
print(f"{'Round':<8} {'Chance Prover Cheat':<25} {'Confidence'}")
print("-"*45)
confidence = 1.0
for round_num in range(1, 11):
    confidence *= 0.5  # 50% chance per round
    print(f"{round_num:<8} {f'1/{2**round_num}':<25} {f'{(1-confidence)*100:.2f}%':<12}")

print()
print("🔬 Analisis:")
print("  - Setiap round, verifier pilih edge random untuk diperiksa")
print("  - Prover harus membuka warna kedua node yang berdekatan")
print("  - Jika warna berbeda, edge valid!")
print("  - Setelah 10 round: confidence 99.9% bahwa peta valid!")
print("  - Tapi verifier TIDAK TAHU warna asli - hanya tahu edge itu valid!")
print()

# === DEMO 3: zk-SNARKs (konseptual) ===
print("=== zk-SNARKs di Dunia Nyata ==*")
print("  ✅ Zcash - Transaksi cryptocurrency anonim")
print("  ✅ Tornado Cash - Ethereum privacy mixer")
print("  ✅ zk-Rollups - Ethereum scaling (10x lebih murah)")
print("  ✅ MATIC - Polygon zkEVM")
print()
print("Zero-Knowledge memungkinkan:")
print("  • Membuktikan usia >18 tanpa tunjuk KTP")
print("  • Membuktikan cukup saldo tanpa tunjuk total")
print("  • Membuktikan KYC done tanpa kirim dokumen")
PYEOF